FlClash/.agents/architecture.md

Architecture

Core Integration

The Go proxy core in core/ operates in two modes.

Android lib mode:

• Go core is compiled as a C shared library, libclash.so, through go build -buildmode=c-shared with CGO.
• The Android :core module owns JNI access to the in-process library. Flutter crosses the ${packageName}/service MethodChannel through lib/plugins/service.dart and Android's ServicePlugin rather than talking to JNI directly.
• lib/core/lib.dart (CoreLib) implements the shared Core interface, gates method calls on its connection completer, initializes and synchronizes Android shared state, and closes the native service path exactly once.
• Because Core is in the application process on Android, application RSS already includes Core memory.

Desktop core mode:

• Go core runs as a separate process with CGO_ENABLED=0.
• rust_api's ipc module provides the native local-IPC primitives: a Unix domain socket on macOS/Linux and a named pipe on Windows. Dart owns the transport state, RPC correlation, process ownership, and lifecycle convergence above those primitives.
• lib/core/service.dart (CoreService) is the composition root. It wires the IPC transport, launcher selection, lifecycle controller, RPC client, and crash-event bridge, and holds no lifecycle logic of its own.
• lib/core/desktop/transport.dart converts native IPC frames into ready, connected, disconnected, failed, and data events. A replaceable binding keeps RPC subscriptions stable when a failed or stale transport must be rebuilt.
• lib/core/desktop/rpc_client.dart owns request IDs and pending completers, waits up to 10 seconds for a connection, applies a three-minute default method timeout, unwraps CoreMethodResponse, and fails all pending calls when transport disconnects or closes.
• lib/core/desktop/lifecycle.dart serializes process intents and owns the authoritative desktop state machine.
• lib/core/desktop/launcher.dart abstracts direct child-process and privileged Helper ownership through idempotent process leases. lib/core/desktop/helper_client.dart is the typed local HTTP client for the privileged Helper.

lib/core/controller.dart (CoreController) selects the implementation based on platform. lib/core/interface.dart defines the shared CoreHandlerInterface.

Key Go core files:

• core/hub.go: handler functions.
• core/method.go: MethodChannel-style method-call dispatch and response envelopes.
• core/message.go: non-blocking state/priority/bulk event queues and bounded message batching.
• core/lib.go: CGO exports.
• core/server.go: desktop socket/named-pipe client and framed message forwarding.

DNS Override

PatchClashConfig.dns holds a full Dns model, but only the keys listed in dnsOverrideKeys reach a profile. DnsOverrideKey names one Clash key each, with fallback-filter.* entries for the nested filter, and covers every yaml key of mihomo's RawDNS and RawFallbackFilter; test/models/dns_override_test.dart reads core/Clash.Meta/config/config.go and fails when a core bump adds or drops one. Dns.overrideJson builds the fragment in model order and mergeDnsOverride merges it one level deep, so a partial fallback filter keeps the profile's other filter keys. _makeRealProfileTask applies the fragment when overrideDns is on; for a profile whose dns.enable is not true it first fills defaultDns for baselineDnsOverrideKeys and then applies the fragment whatever the toggle says. The DNS page's quick edit opens overrideYaml in an EditorPage and applies it on the way back through applyOverrideYaml, which rebuilds the key set from the keys the document names and rejects unknown keys or bad values; a rejected document can only be discarded or fixed. The page has no reset, because there is nothing to reset to.

A fresh config overrides nothing: dnsOverrideKeys starts empty and the profile's own section stands until an entry is added. baselineDnsOverrideKeys is the separate, smaller thing the core is never without — the enable, enhanced-mode: fake-ip and nameserver given to a profile that brings no enabled DNS section of its own, so the core always resolves. Every other Dns field starts at mihomo's own default, which UnmarshalRawConfig starts from, so adding an entry changes nothing until it is edited; listen and fake-ip-range6, which mihomo leaves off, start from a working value instead. A config saved before the key list existed overrode the whole section as the model held it then, so PatchClashConfig.fromJson gives it those twenty keys rather than the empty set.

NTP Override

PatchClashConfig.ntp mirrors the DNS shape: a full Ntp model of which only the keys in ntpOverrideKeys reach a profile, an empty set on a fresh config, and one NtpOverrideKey per yaml key of mihomo's RawNTP; test/models/ntp_override_test.dart reads core/Clash.Meta/config/config.go and fails when a core bump adds, drops or redefaults one. The section is flat, so _makeRealProfileTask spreads the fragment over the profile's own ntp map instead of the one-level merge DNS needs, and writes nothing at all while overrideNtp is off. interval is minutes, which is what ReCreateNTPService multiplies. The page carries the same add sheet and quick edit as DNS.

Safe mode forces write-to-system off on whatever ntp section the profile carries, because setting the system clock is a host change; mihomo's own loadConfig already drops it on Android, where the seccomp policy kills the process for settimeofday.

Listener Exposure

_makeRealProfileTask in lib/common/task.dart writes mixed-port, allow-lan, and external-controller into every generated profile. With allow-lan off, mihomo's genAddr binds each listener to 127.0.0.1; the external controller is ExternalControllerStatus.close by default and never binds anywhere but loopback.

The loopback listener takes local connections without authentication by default: mandatory credentials would lock out every external local consumer a proxy client exists for. The binding only guarantees traffic originates on the device; it does not isolate programs already running there, so on Android any app holding INTERNET can use the proxy and learn the outbound IP (#1934). The opt-in answer is the local authentication setting (NetworkProps.authentication), which spans four paths that must stay in sync: _makeRealProfileTask writes the credentials into authentication and force-clears skip-auth-prefixes so a profile cannot silently exempt loopback; UpdateParams.authentication applies the same list to a running core; FlClashHttpOverrides sends the credentials with the app's own proxied requests; and sharedState withholds the Android VPN system proxy declaration because ProxyInfo cannot carry credentials (TUN still captures that traffic). Desktop system proxy is deliberately not gated — dropping it would leak traffic direct, so the setting's description tells users to supply credentials manually instead.

Interface Name Modes

The same task also writes interface-name per PatchClashConfig.interfaceNameMode: clear (default) forces it empty so a subscription's value cannot survive into the generated profile, follow leaves whatever the profile YAML already has, and custom writes the user's interfaceName. mihomo ignores interface-name on Android whenever dialer.DefaultSocketHook is installed (core/lib.go installHooks, vendored dialer.go), so NetworkListView in lib/views/config/network.dart shows the mode picker and text field only on desktop.

Lifecycle Ownership And Convergence

Shared Flutter Layer

CoreController.start(), restart(), stop(), and close() are the only shared lifecycle facade. close() is terminal; callers must not try to reuse a closed platform implementation.

CoreAction in lib/providers/actions/core.dart owns the user-facing Core status and setup sequence:

• startCore() publishes connecting, starts the platform Core, publishes connected, then initializes Core state. A startup error publishes disconnected and displays the error.
• restartCore() coalesces overlapping callers behind one worker. _requestedRestartRevision records newer requests. After the lifecycle restart, the worker reapplies running state or the profile, rereading isStartProvider on every pass, until it has consumed the latest revision, so the newest start intent wins.
• The provider is an orchestration and presentation layer, not a process owner. Platform lifecycle code remains responsible for determining whether a Core process/service is actually running.

Application exit is centralized in SystemAction and SystemExitCoordinator:

1. Optionally save config and clean up DNS, system proxy, and tray resources in parallel.
2. Close the desktop window.
3. Call terminal CoreController.close().
4. Exit the application exactly once.

The coordinator is idempotent, continues later cleanup steps after an earlier error, preserves the first error for the caller, and uses a three-second watchdog as an emergency application-exit path. Application.dispose() and CoreManager.onCrash() do not independently destroy Core; this avoids competing shutdown owners.

Desktop Lifecycle

DesktopCoreLifecycle is a latest-desired-intent reconciler, not a queue that blindly executes every request:

• Public intents receive monotonically increasing revisions and target running, restarted, stopped, or closed.
• Observable phases are idle, starting, running, stopping, failed, and closed.
• A completed command reports applied, coalesced, or superseded, allowing callers and tests to distinguish a command that won from one satisfied or replaced by a newer compatible intent.
• Startup opens or replaces the IPC transport, resolves a launcher, generates a 128-bit lowercase hexadecimal session ID, launches Core, and waits for the matching connection. Windows additionally verifies that the named-pipe peer PID equals the process PID returned by the Helper lease.
• Each running session retains its process owner, lease, PID, session ID, and transport connection generation. Stop waits for both process-exit confirmation and the matching disconnect generation; a missing disconnect replaces the transport before later starts.
• An unconfirmed process exit is retained as an unconfirmed lease. New start/restart intents fail until ownership can be cleaned up, preventing two Core instances from being treated as the active session. Terminal close may continue on a best-effort basis because the application is exiting.
• An unexpected disconnect or transport failure while running is converted to DesktopCoreFailure, the owned process is cleaned up, and CoreService emits a Core crash event for the normal UI recovery path.

Direct launch is used on macOS, inside an AppImage, and as the Windows/Linux fallback when the privileged Helper is not ready. When the Helper is ready, it owns the Core child and Dart owns it through a session-scoped lease.

Android Service Lifecycle

Android deliberately keeps Flutter requests optimistic and the native layer authoritative:

• ServicePlugin.start() and stop() acknowledge immediately after submitting intent. They do not wait for service creation, VPN permission, binding, TUN establishment, or teardown.
• ServiceState owns the latest RunRequest, shared configuration, run time, and STOPPED/STARTING/STARTED/STOPPING state. Identity checks discard obsolete work. startPreparationLock serializes permission/setup preparation and transitionLock serializes actual service transitions.
• ServiceController owns exactly one ManagedServiceBinding, selects VpnService or ProxyService from VpnOptions, binds with a five-second connection timeout, invokes ManagedService.start()/stop() off the main thread, and clears binding/run-time state on failure or disconnection.
• Generic service creation/destruction is lifecycle evidence, not user intent. New commands must flow through ServiceState.requestStart()/requestStop() or the explicit system-action handlers instead of inferring intent from a callback.

Quick Settings, notification, revoke, and Always-on VPN paths converge on the same owner:

• With a Flutter engine attached, ServiceState.handleStartAction()/handleStopAction() forward through TilePlugin to TileManager, which updates normal Flutter setup state. Without Flutter, native code restores SharedState from preferences, runs quickSetup, checks VPN permission, and submits the native request directly.
• Android may create an Always-on VpnService through onStartCommand() without FlClash's bound-service path. The service sends the explicit, permission-protected VPN_START_REQUESTED broadcast to ServiceBroadcastReceiver, which routes it to ServiceState.handleStartAction() so Core/configuration and the normal binding are restored before TUN is treated as ready.
• VpnService.onRevoke() stops TUN/modules first, then sends VPN_REVOKED; the receiver only requests a stop when ServiceController still owns an active VPN binding.
• ServiceBroadcastReceiver uses goAsync() and an atomic one-shot completion. Normal completion or a nine-second watchdog calls PendingResult.finish() exactly once; the watchdog releases Android's broadcast lease and does not cancel or redefine the underlying lifecycle intent.

Core Protocol And Event Delivery

The shared protocol uses CoreMethodCall(id, method, arguments) and CoreMethodResponse(id, result, error) in both directions. The envelope is the only JSON serialization layer: keep arguments, results, and event data as structured JSON values rather than embedding pre-encoded JSON strings. Plain domain strings, such as country codes or provider contents, remain strings.

Go event delivery is intentionally non-blocking:

• Loaded-provider, geo-update, and route-changed events use a state queue that never evicts; the rules for it are under Core API Safety in .agents/rules.md. Every other event except the bulk kinds, delay included, uses a 256-entry priority queue. Desktop process crashes are generated locally by CoreService from lifecycle failures rather than sent through the Go queue.
• High-volume log, request/connection, and DNS query events use a separate 256-entry bulk queue, so bulk floods cannot evict state.
• A full priority or bulk queue evicts only its own oldest event and retries the newest; DNS events never evict. Core work never blocks on event delivery.
• The batcher flushes at 32 messages or every 16 milliseconds. Priority events are preferred, but one bulk opportunity is guaranteed after eight priority messages to prevent starvation.
• sendMessage drops an event before it is queued when hasEventListener is false. That only happens on Android, after the Flutter engine detaches while the service keeps the Core running; request and DNS events would otherwise be encoded per connection and per query for nobody.

DNS query events come from the Clash.Meta fork's dns/patch.go and are raised where mihomo writes its [DNS] debug log, so the DNS page lists the same resolutions: one event per cache hit, and one per upstream exchange however many callers singleflight merged into it, carrying the upstream whose answer was used. Fake-IP and hosts answers never reach a resolver and are not recorded. Queries from apps arrive with the DNSContext that Service.ServeMsg created and report app; other initiators come from resolver.WithInitiator at the call site (rule matching, DIRECT, proxy server dialing), and unlabeled queries report other.

Desktop RPC accepts both a single event object and batched event lists. Android and desktop listener dispatch isolate listener exceptions so one faulty observer does not prevent the remaining events/listeners from running.

User-Facing Core And Delay Feedback

CoreStatusButton in lib/views/dashboard/widgets/core_status_button.dart is the desktop dashboard's status/restart surface. It is shown only outside dashboard edit mode and only when coreLib == null:

• Provider state remains authoritative. The widget keeps a separate display-only status so a fast connecting -> connected transition still shows at least 600 milliseconds of progress instead of flashing.
• The hold arms only after an observed transition to connecting; mounting while already connecting does not invent a new delay. A real disconnected transition cancels the hold immediately so failure is never hidden, while a long-running connecting state remains visible after the timer expires.
• Taps during the display hold or while the provider is genuinely connecting are inert. Connected/disconnected taps show the appropriate confirmation and delegate restart to CoreAction; the widget never starts Core directly.

Proxy delay testing follows the same failure-safe UI rule. ProxiesAction._runDelayTests marks its keys in pendingDelayTestsProvider and releases them in finally, and a test the Core does not answer leaves the last measurement in place; the delay-test bullets under Core API Safety in .agents/rules.md give the reasons. A group's delay test button, the tab page's action and the list page's group header alike, spins while delayTestingGroupsProvider holds the group; delayTestPageGroup marks it, ignores a second request for the same group, and clears it in finally, so an RPC failure cannot leave the button spinning and remounting a header does not lose the state.

Route Consistency

A probe result on the dashboard — the exit IP, a node's exit IP, a service check — either describes the route in force or is being asked again. The full design is docs/plans/probe-route-consistency.md; the mechanism has three parts.

• The Core is the source of truth for the route. core/route.go keeps a structural epoch (advanced by a config apply, a mode or IPv6 switch, and any proxy provider whose version changed) and a picks map from each Selector, URLTest and Fallback group to what it resolves to right now, versioned on every change. handleChangeProxy re-reads the picks under selectMu and answers ChangeProxyResult{changed}, so the connection reset only runs when the pick moved. A health check moving a URLTest pick has no mihomo hook, so the picks are polled every second while the host watches (watchRoute(true)) and the listeners are up. Every probe answer carries the counters it started under; routeChanged publishes the state whenever it differs from the last read.
• routeTrackerProvider in lib/providers/route_state.dart merges that with the host's side: proxied (running and not suspended), a host epoch that a connectivity event moves, and synced, which is false until watchRoute has returned a snapshot and again after a Core disconnect. Nothing is fresh while unsynced, so a cache never judges answers against counters it made up. The tracker subscribes when the first target is watched and releases the Core when the last one goes; an answer newer than the state means an event was evicted, and the cache asks for a resync. It also releases the Core while the app is hidden and reads it again on return, keeping synced: the Core and its counters are the same ones, so the fresh snapshot invalidates only what moved. On Android the Core drops the watch itself when the event listener is cleared, because an engine that goes away never sends watchRoute(false).
• RoutedProbe in lib/providers/routed_probe.dart is the one cache both OutboundIpProbe and ServiceStatus mix in. A widget watches the target it shows and unwatches on the way out; only watched targets are probed, one request in flight per target. An answer is stamped with the Core's counters and the host state at launch, and RouteState.isFresh walks its chain against the picks, so a selection change only invalidates results that went through the changed group while an epoch change invalidates everything. A stale watched entry is asked again at once; an unwatched one is dropped. Nothing launches while the app is hidden: what falls due waits for it to be shown. Failures wait for retry, refresh, or the app resuming (markResumed), and a service check that timed out is a failure that still shows its status. refresh is the user's own request and runs for unwatched targets too: the service sheet reads the cache and never watches its rows, because one service check is one to four full HTTPS fetches where a delay test is a single empty request.

ipQuality(ip) in lib/providers/ip_quality.dart is keyed by the outbound IP found, so a route change reaches it as a new IP and an unchanged IP reuses the result. A lookup races its sources the way the IP check does and takes the first one that determines a type. A success is kept for the session with ref.keepAlive(); a failure is not cached, and Riverpod's automatic retry is off because a retry after an HTTP 429 spends the same per-outbound-IP quota again.

Icons

lib/icons/ holds every icon the app shows. Nothing in lib/ uses the Material icon font, and test/lint/material_icons_test.dart fails on any Icons.* or AnimatedIcons.*, so every icon shares one stroke and can animate its shape. A Glyph is a list of shapes on a 24-unit grid, stroked at Glyph.strokeWidth with round caps and joins and superellipse corners; a curve the primitive shapes cannot draw is a GlyphPath, SVG path data traced along the stroke's center. Each shape has a role that decides its filled form, the way SF Symbols and Fluent pair an outlined icon with its filled variant:

• body fills;
• detail is cut out of the fill, and a solid detail such as a dot is cut as an area;
• line stays a stroke, for parts that belong to no body, like a handle or a link between nodes; it thickens from Glyph.strokeWidth toward 2.2 as the glyph fills, so a glyph of lines alone still carries weight in a filled button.

GlyphPainter paints any point between the two forms. Each body fills inward from its outline, reaching half its shorter side, which no point of the body lies beyond, as fill reaches 1. Details thin away over the first half and return as cutouts over the second, so a detail is never a stroke and a cutout at once. The glyph is painted opaque into one layer that carries the color's alpha: a translucent color, such as a disabled one, then stays even where strokes cross the fill, and a cutout clears only the glyph's own pixels. GlyphIcon shows a glyph at a fixed fill, taking its size, color, and fill from IconTheme unless it is given its own, as Icon does, and mirroring it in right-to-left text when Glyph.matchTextDirection is set. AnimatedGlyph drives a GlyphIcon from its filled flag and pops briefly when it fills. A glyph whose shape follows some other state, like the sidebar toggle that tracks the pane's width, is a builder in AppGlyphs such as AppGlyphs.sidebar(progress). A new glyph goes in AppGlyphs and in the list test/icons/glyph_painter_test.dart runs through its checks; it is named for what it means in the app, one glyph per meaning, with SF Symbols and Fluent as the reference for the metaphor. Tests find one with find.byGlyph from test/helpers/glyph_finders.dart.

Icons are outlined by default and filled inside a filled button: IconButton.filled and .filledTonal, FilledButton in its tonal and icon forms, and floating action buttons draw their glyph with fill: 1, because an outline on a tinted container reads weaker than the container it sits in. A glyph with no body only thickens its lines and still takes fill: 1, so the rule holds if the glyph later gains one. test/lint/filled_button_glyphs_test.dart checks every GlyphIcon written inside such a button; an icon that reaches the button from elsewhere, as through a helper that picks the button variant, gets its fill by hand or from IconThemeData.fill. Everywhere else fill marks state only: the selected destination, a pinned window, a lit torch. The phone's floating navigation bar is the one exception: like an iOS tab bar it fills every destination and marks the selected one by colour alone.

Framework widgets that draw their own icon take it from the theme: the ActionIconThemeData in lib/application.dart supplies the back and close buttons, with AppGlyphs.backFor picking the platform's back glyph, and a DropdownMenu is given its chevrons. A framework widget added later that paints a Material icon needs the same treatment.

Empty states draw no image assets either. NullStatus in lib/widgets/null_status.dart shows the glyph for its meaning filled on a Material 3 Expressive shape from material_new_shapes, with a few accent marks, and enters with one of three choreographies picked at random: the shape spins in, morphs out of a circle, or springs in while the accents orbit into place. The glyph takes onPrimaryContainer, not primary: the content scheme variant can leave primaryContainer as light as primary in dark mode.

CaptionIcon is the one icon that does not follow the glyph grid: the window caption buttons keep the one pixel, pixel-aligned stroke of Windows' 10-pixel caption glyphs on every platform.

App Bar Actions

CommonScaffold keeps at most three buttons in sight in its bar, the overflow menu button included. A page hands it what may fold as data: primaryAction, iconActions, menuItems, and searchActions while searching; custom widgets passed through actions never fold. Past three, two buttons stay beside the overflow menu: the search button (the clear button while searching) when there is one, then foldable actions, primary action first unless foldPrimaryAction puts the icon actions ahead of it; everything else goes into one overflow menu, primary action first, and a folded action that is loading shows as a disabled item. The bar reads as one button group of two beside a single button: the overflow menu button when something folds, otherwise the last action, so the proxies list shows a search and delay test group beside the menu. primaryAction counts only where the bar holds it, in a bottom sheet and on a phone's home page, whose foot the navigation dock takes; elsewhere it is the page's floating action button. No page adds a floating action button of its own: a secondary action such as selecting every app goes into menuItems, and saving an edit page is a check among its iconActions. Actions on a multi-selection, such as delete and select all, go into selectionActions instead: the bar keeps them in sight as one button group that takes a single slot beside the search or clear button, so they never fold.

Settings Rows

lib/widgets/config_item.dart holds the shared settings-row vocabulary: ConfigToggleItem, ConfigOptionsItem, ConfigTextItem, and ConfigListEditItem. Each takes a selector (a ProviderListenable, normally someProvider.select(...)) and an onChanged(ref, value) writer, and watches its own selector so changing one setting rebuilds one row instead of the whole section. Titles and subtitles are ConfigLabel callbacks that receive AppLocalizations, which keeps literal labels such as IPv6 and localized labels in the same shape.

Build settings screens from these directly, or from a file-local helper that binds one provider once — see _networkToggle in lib/views/config/network.dart and _appSettingToggle in lib/views/config/general.dart. Declare a named ConsumerWidget only when a row is genuinely reused across screens, as lib/views/config/network.dart rows are by lib/views/dashboard/widgets/quick_options.dart. Rows with bespoke behaviour — a custom dialog, a derived value, or a second provider write — stay hand-written rather than growing extra parameters on the shared items.

State Management

Provider files in lib/providers/:

• app.dart: runtime/UI state, logs, traffic, delays, loading, navigation.
• config.dart: persistent config providers, app settings, theme, VPN, proxy style.
• state.dart: derived/computed providers, navigation, proxy, tray, color scheme. Like action.dart, this is an entry point only: the providers live under lib/providers/state/ and are joined with part directives, so importing state.dart still reaches all of them.
  • state/proxies.dart: group and proxy lists, filter/sort, delay, selection.
  • state/navigation.dart: navigation items, current page, dashboard, more tools.
  • state/system.dart: tray, VPN params, access control, hot keys, shared state.
  • state/theme.dart: dynamic color, color scheme, brightness.
  • state/profile.dart: profiles, current profile, clash config, setup state.
  • state/overwrite.dart: custom overwrite validity and the staged group/rule notifiers.
• action.dart: business logic notifiers, setup, backup, core lifecycle, proxy selection.
• core.dart: coreHandlerProvider, the container-scoped handle on CoreController.
• route_state.dart and routed_probe.dart: the route tracker and the probe cache; see Route Consistency above.
• outbound_ip.dart and service_status.dart: the dashboard probes built on them.
• database.dart: Drift database provider wrappers.

Reaching Singletons

lib/common/ and lib/core/ publish process-wide singletons (coreController, system, preferences, appPath, request, and others). Code that already has a Ref or a WidgetRef reads them through a provider instead, so a test can scope a fake to one ProviderContainer rather than swapping a global and relying on a tearDown to put it back.

coreHandlerProvider is the established case. Every call site under lib/providers/, lib/manager/ and lib/views/ goes through it; notifiers and ConsumerState classes that touch Core repeatedly hold it as CoreController get _core => ref.read(coreHandlerProvider).

Tests override it with coreHandlerProvider.overrideWithValue(CoreController.scoped(fake)), which does not claim the singleton. CoreController.test does claim it, and is only for tests that have not moved yet. Prefer the scoped override even when a test passes either way: a test that claims the singleton makes the global and the provider resolve to the same fake, so it cannot tell a provider read from a leftover global read, and a half-migrated call site stays green.

One deliberate exception: globalState owns the ProviderContainer, so it cannot itself live in one. Code without a Ref reaches providers through globalState.container.read(...). The remaining call sites are lib/core/lib.dart, lib/common/print.dart, and the tray read callback in lib/providers/actions/system.dart — all singletons or platform callbacks with no Ref in scope.

lib/models/profile.dart does not reach Core. Profile.saveFile and Profile.update take a ValidateConfig callback, and every caller passes (path) => _core.validateConfig(path), keeping the Core handle lazy so a profile path that never validates never resolves the controller.

The UI layer must not reach a process-wide singleton directly. test/lint/ui_layer_singleton_test.dart scans lib/views, lib/widgets, lib/pages and lib/features for globalState.container and the bare coreController global and fails the run on either. Widgets that need Core hold CoreController get _core => ref.read(coreHandlerProvider).

globalState.measure and globalState.theme stay global on purpose. Both are context-derived caches assigned by ThemeManager, and tests already scope them by assigning in the app builder (see test/helpers/test_app.dart); moving them into providers would touch every layout call site without changing behaviour.

globalState in lib/state.dart is a singleton holding ambient app state — the package info, the measure and theme, the container, and the start/stop flags — plus safeRun/loadingRun. Startup orchestration is not on it: init and attach live in lib/bootstrap.dart, above lib/common, because they drive the window, the autostart entry, the tray and the permission prompts. Providers are generated into lib/providers/generated/.

The root navigator key lives in lib/common/navigator.dart as rootNavigatorKey; globalState.navigatorKey is a getter onto it. lib/common/dialog.dart reaches the key directly and does not import lib/state.dart.

Platform Layering

lib/common/common.dart deliberately does not export tray.dart, window.dart, launch.dart, system_dns.dart, or permission.dart. Those five modules import tray, window, launch_at_startup, and screen_retriever; exporting them would put those packages in the compile graph of every file that imports the barrel for a string helper. Import the specific module instead.

test/lint/platform_layering_test.dart enforces four rules. Three are local: the barrel never re-exports one of those five modules, nothing under lib/common, lib/enum or lib/models other than those five imports a desktop platform package, and lib/common never imports the lib/manager/manager.dart barrel (import the single manager needed, as common/context.dart does with manager/status_manager.dart). The fourth walks the barrel's whole transitive closure and fails if any file in it imports one of those packages. That one is the real invariant — the local rules only stop the shortest path, and every leak found so far arrived through a longer one.

The shapes that keep the closure small:

• System.back and System.exit do not touch window; the window half of both lives in SystemAction.
• KeyboardModifier.toHotKeyModifier() lives in lib/manager/hotkey_manager.dart, its only consumer, not in lib/enum/enum.dart.
• Startup orchestration lives in lib/bootstrap.dart, not on GlobalState. common/num.dart, common/print.dart and common/request.dart import state.dart for theme, container and packageInfo/ua, so anything GlobalState reaches lands in the barrel's closure; the ambient state it holds reaches nothing platform-specific.
• SystemAction talks to WindowPort and TrayPort from lib/common/app_ports.dart instead of importing common/window.dart and common/tray.dart. lib/bootstrap.dart binds windowPort and trayPort to the real implementations; both stay null in tests, where every call through them is a no-op. A test that needs the real tray assigns trayPort itself, as test/common/tray_menu_test.dart does.
• lib/providers/providers.dart re-exports action.dart, so lib/common and providers/app.dart import providers/state.dart and providers/config.dart directly; the barrel would reach the whole action layer.
• A data type in a lower layer never holds the widget that renders it, because that drags the whole view tree into the barrel's closure. The route table is lib/views/navigation.dart implementing NavigationPort, which providers/state/navigation.dart reads through and bootstrap.init binds; unbound it yields no items, so a test that renders navigation assigns navigationPort itself, as test/pages/home_test.dart does. DashboardWidget is plain data, since it is persisted in the app settings; the widget mapping lives in lib/views/dashboard/widget_registry.dart, the reverse lookup relying on the branches returning canonical consts.

test/lint/platform_layering_test.dart also pins that the barrel's closure contains no lib/views file. Data the provider layer needs from the UI layer goes through a port in lib/common/app_ports.dart rather than an import in the other direction.

High-Frequency Buffers

logsProvider, requestsProvider, dnsQueriesProvider and trafficsProvider hold a FixedList (lib/common/fixed.dart), which trades a normal copy-on-write for a shared buffer tagged with a generation counter:

• append mutates the buffer in place and returns a new wrapper one generation ahead. That is what providers publish, so updateShouldNotify still fires.
• list returns an immutable copy, cached until the next mutation. It must stay eager: an older wrapper shares the buffer, so its contents move on. Anything that needs a stable view has to read list at the moment it is notified, not hold the wrapper and read later.
• Consumers that only need to know that the buffer changed watch revision, not list — selecting on the list snapshots and deep-compares the whole buffer on every arrival, which is what this design exists to avoid. See lib/views/logs.dart for the pattern: watch the generation, snapshot inside the throttled callback.

add/clear mutate in place without advancing the generation; use them only on a buffer you own outright (seeding, resets, tests), never on published state.

Background Work

A proxy client runs for days with nobody looking at it, so work that only feeds the UI stops when the UI cannot be seen. There are three levels of gating:

• appVisibleProvider is false while the desktop window is hidden or the Android activity is in the background (hidden, paused, detached). AppStateManager writes it. The one-second run-time and traffic ticker in SetupAction follows it. The macOS menu bar title is the exception: it shows the traffic while the window is hidden. RouteTracker and RoutedProbe follow it too, as described under Route Consistency.
• ActivePollingMixin is stricter for per-widget polls such as connections and memory. It polls only while the app is resumed and its home page is the current one.
• _NavigationPage puts every page except the current one under a disabled TickerMode. Home pages are kept alive in the PageView, and Flutter does not mute tickers on a kept-alive page off screen. A spinner left on one would otherwise keep scheduling frames.

A provider's own ref.listen delivers nothing while no one listens to that provider. That is the usual state of an action notifier, which is only ever read. A derived provider it listens to is never recomputed, and even a ref.read of it returns a stale value. So an action that has to follow a signal listens to the keep-alive provider that holds it, as SetupAction does with appVisibleProvider, not to a provider derived from that.

On Android, SuspendModule suspends the Core while the screen is off and the device is in Doze. Health checks that run in Doze all fail, so after a suspension the Core re-probes every provider. That re-probe waits for the screen to come on. A Doze maintenance window resumes the Core too, but probing there would spend the window's radio time on results nobody sees.

Database

The app uses Drift/SQLite in lib/database/. schemaVersion in lib/database/database.dart is the migration counter; every schema change bumps it and adds the matching migration step.

Tables:

• Profiles
• Scripts
• Rules
• ProfileRuleLinks (profile_rule_mapping)
• ProxyGroups
• CustomProxies (custom_proxies)
• IconRecords (icon_records)
• ClashProviders (clash_providers)

Rule scenes distinguish global added rules, profile added rules, profile custom rules, and disabled links. Rule and proxy-group ordering use fractional indexing.

App-level providers (ClashProviders, plus every profile offered as a proxy provider) and a custom overwrite's own proxies (CustomProxies) are soft-disabled through feature.customProviders and feature.customProxies (lib/common/feature.dart), switched on by --dart-define=FEATURE_CUSTOM_PROVIDERS=true and FEATURE_CUSTOM_PROXIES=true. While off, their entries are hidden, appProviderNames and appProviderLabels are empty, and setupState loads neither, so stored rows stay in the database but never reach a profile. Backups still carry both tables.

Generated Drift output lives in lib/database/generated/database.g.dart. After schema changes, run code generation and add or update focused database tests under test/database/ when converter or migration behavior changes.

Manager Stack

Managers are nested InheritedWidget/StatefulWidget components built by buildManagerStack() in lib/application.dart:

AppEnvManager > LocaleManager > StatusManager > ThemeManager
  > [Desktop: WindowManager > TrayManager > HotKeyManager > ProxyManager]
    [Mobile:  AndroidManager > TileManager]
  > AppStateManager > CoreManager > ConnectivityManager
  > [Desktop: WindowHeaderContainer] [Mobile: VpnManager]
  > app content

Each manager in lib/manager/ handles a specific platform concern. The platform slots are exclusive: no desktop manager appears on mobile and no mobile manager appears on desktop.

The order is an ownership contract, not a layout detail. ConnectivityManager sits below CoreManager because its onConnectivityChanged callback reads Core-backed state, so Core must already be mounted when it fires. StatusManager and ThemeManager sit above the platform managers so a platform manager can surface a message or read the theme.

buildManagerStack() is a pure function of isDesktop, the connectivity callback, and the app content, so test/application_test.dart asserts the whole order by constructing the stack without mounting it. Changing the nesting means updating both this diagram and that test.

Core Controller and Actions

lib/core/controller.dart (CoreController) is a singleton facade over CoreHandlerInterface. Public methods delegate to the platform-specific interface, either the Android service channel (CoreLib) or the desktop socket. It has an @visibleForTesting constructor and resetInstance() for test injection.

lib/providers/action.dart is the public library entry point for action providers. The Riverpod notifier implementations are split by responsibility under lib/providers/actions/ and joined to the entry point with part directives, so consumers continue to import the same public API:

• CommonAction: update check and common UI operations.
• SetupAction: config setup and TUN management.
• BackupAction: backup/restore orchestration over a per-run temp work directory; the view supplies where an archive goes (local save, WebDAV upload) or comes from. The archive format lives in lib/common/backup.dart, which stages a restore without touching the data directory; files, database rows and settings are applied only after the whole archive has been read and validated.
• CoreAction: core lifecycle, initialization, coalesced restart, and post-restart profile/running-state application.
• SystemAction: system integration, tray, coordinated resource cleanup, terminal Core close, exit, and brightness.
• StoreAction: profile storage operations.
• ThemeAction: theme state updates.
• ProxiesAction: group management and proxy selection.
• ProfilesAction: profile CRUD, auto-update, import.
• GeoResourceAction: geo resource updates and URL configuration.
• UpdatingAction: stale sweep over UpdatingKeys.

UpdatingKeys in lib/providers/app.dart owns every per-entity updating flag; isUpdatingProvider(key) is the read-only view widgets watch. Callers pair start(key, scope: ...) with stop(key, operation) using the returned token, so overlapping operations on one key are reference counted and a late stop from a superseded operation cannot clear a newer one. Keys started with UpdatingScope.core depend on the Core to make progress, so UpdatingKeys discards them itself when coreStatusProvider leaves connected — that is the state's own invariant, not a policy, and it must stay inside the notifier where no warm-up ordering can miss it. UpdatingScope.local keys (profile updates run entirely in Dart) survive a Core restart. UpdatingAction holds only the policy half: the periodic sweep that discards a key stuck past updatingStaleTimeout. Do not move the timeout back into UpdatingKeys, and do not widen the disconnect reset to every scope.

Safe Mode

--dart-define=SAFE_MODE=true builds a FlClash that never changes the host network, so a development build can run next to an installed one. It is a compile-time constant with two faces: safeModeBuild in lib/common/constant.dart for the process-wide handles that exist before the provider container, and safeModeProvider in lib/providers/app.dart for everything reached through Riverpod, which is also what tests override. Settings are never rewritten; each owner reads the flag where it would otherwise act:

• Core config: SetupAction._effectivePatchConfig is the one place the profile path and updateConfig derive what the Core receives from the user's PatchClashConfig. In safe mode it reports tun.enable: false and ExternalControllerStatus.close, so the generated profile and every updateConfig carry no TUN and an empty external-controller (the Core's route.ReCreateServer binds no RESTful API port) while the settings keep the user's values and the installed app keeps 127.0.0.1:9090. SetupAction.requestAdmin skips authorization.
• System clock: _makeRealProfileTask sets write-to-system: false on whatever ntp section the generated profile ends up with, so neither the user's override nor the profile's own NTP config can move the host's time.
• System proxy: the proxy plugin handle in lib/common/proxy.dart is null, so ProxyManager and exit cleanup never write the OS setting, not even the stopProxy that would clear what the installed app configured.
• System DNS: systemDnsCoordinator is null and shouldPatchSystemDnsProvider is false, so neither the apply nor the restore path runs. The restore path matters because a profile or release build shares the preferences of the installed app (only a macOS or Android debug build has its own bundle id) and would restore from its record.
• Login item: the autoLaunch handle in lib/common/launch.dart is null, so neither the boot sync nor the setting listener registers the build's executable or removes the installed app's entry, which on Windows is the same FlClash value in the user's Run key.
• Privileged Core: CoreService resolves the launcher with hasHelper: false, which is the direct child-process path on every desktop platform; the Helper keeps managing the installed app's Core.
• Core listeners: SetupAction._setCoreRunning and the AppStateManager suspend listener never call startListener or stopListener, so the Core's isRunning stays false and updateListeners binds nothing, while isStartProvider and applyProfile behave as usual. The installed app keeps the mixed, DNS and other loopback ports.
• Android: sharedStateProvider hands the service VpnOptions.enable: false and systemProxy: false, so the foreground service runs without a VpnService.
• Wi-Fi SSID: ConnectivityManager never reads the SSID and Permissions.checkLocationPermissions neither checks nor requests location authorization, so currentSSIDProvider stays null and the excluded-network suspend never trips. The macOS wifi_ssid plugin builds its CLLocationManager and CWWiFiClient lazily, so a build that never asks never reaches locationd or wifid.
• Global hotkeys: HotKeyManager neither subscribes to hotkey events nor registers the configured shortcuts with the OS; the in-window Shortcuts (close window, escape) stay.
• URL schemes and launcher shortcuts: Window.init skips the Windows registry and Linux desktop-entry registration of the clash schemes, and Android never calls initShortcuts.
• Presentation: AppEnvManager shows a SAFE MODE banner ahead of the channel banner, and TrayState.safeMode gives the tray the status_4 bug icon, a suffixed tooltip and a menu of only show and exit. trayStateProvider and trayTitleStateProvider report showTrayTitle: false, so the macOS menu bar carries no traffic title.

A new host integration, anything that changes the OS's routes, proxy, DNS, login items, privileges or VPN state, or that asks the OS for a permission, a global shortcut or a registration, must consult the flag at its owner in the same way and get a test that overrides safeModeProvider.

Build System

setup.dart is the release build orchestrator: it writes env.json (APP_ENV), activates flutter_distributor from the chen08209/flutter_distributor fork pinned to a v<version>-flclash.<n> tag (cut a new tag there and bump --git-ref when the fork changes), and leaves the Core artifacts to the build hook.

The Go core and the Rust helper are built by a Dart build hook. plugins/setup/hook/build.dart only constructs CoreBuilder, a package:hooks Builder in plugins/setup/setup_hooks/, the same shape rust_api uses. Flutter runs it for every platform build and for flutter test, once per target architecture. CoreBuilder turns the hook input into a BuildRequest (repository root, Target, Android toolchain) and hands it to buildPlatform. It lives in setup_hooks so dart test there can cover it; a test run of plugins/setup itself would execute the hook. Failures reach the runner as BuildError (Go or Cargo failed, no Core for the architecture) or InfraError (a toolchain could not start, Flutter passed no NDK compiler, the package is not at plugins/setup).

What the hook protocol forces:

• Android derives the per-ABI clang wrapper from the C compiler and targetNdkApi (the app's minSdk) Flutter passes; hooks_runner filters the environment, so ANDROID_NDK is not read.
• PATH arrives unextended, so runCommand appends the Homebrew, Go and rustup locations that Xcode's and Gradle's stripped PATH hides.
• The hook does not know the build mode: the protocol carries none and linkingEnabled only says whether link hooks run, so nothing in the hook branches on debug versus release. It cannot tell flutter test from a build either; the build_assets: false user-define in the root pubspec.yaml is the one switch (see .agents/commands.md), and setup.dart refuses to package while it is set.
• The hook declares the files it read but the directories it wrote: hooks_runner hashes a file by content and a directory by child names, so libclash/macos/ catches a deleted artifact without MD5-ing a 55 MB Core on every build. A rebuild touches those directories after the runner's cutoff, so the next build runs the hook once more and setup's cache answers it; that extra run is expected.
• The runner discards hook output on success, even under -v, so the hook mirrors it into .dart_tool/setup_build_cache/hook.log (rotated at 512 KB), one === header per invocation.

Platform projects copy the artifacts out of libclash/; application code must not import plugins/setup:

• Android: the Go core is built c-shared, and libclash.so with its headers lands in the :core module (see Android Native Task Ordering).
• macOS: a standalone FlClashCore. Release.xcconfig pins release and profile ARCHS to the host because flutter_tools otherwise builds a universal binary and every artifact ships one slice; the hook skips a non-host slice for the same reason. The Stage Core phase copies the Core after the hook may have rewritten it and fails when it is missing or lacks a slice for ARCHS, so a skipped hook cannot stage a stale Core silently.
• Linux and Windows: FlClashCore, the Rust FlClashHelperService, and a manifest.json holding coreSha256; the Core builds first because the Helper embeds its hash. The CMake install rules copy them, and the Windows bundle places manifest.json beside the executable. A Helper running from a Debug build keeps its exe open and the install fails behind an opaque MSB3073, so windows/CMakeLists.txt stops it from an install(CODE) step for the Debug configuration only, and only when the staged Helper differs from the installed one; that step is where the configuration is known, and a Release install never stops a registered service. The step matches the process by executable path rather than image name, so a Helper registered from an installed release keeps running.

Setup keeps its own cache under .dart_tool/setup_build_cache/v1/ because it builds a Go core and, on Windows and Linux, a Rust helper:

• Go fingerprints cover the target-specific go list -deps inputs in core/ and Clash.Meta, module files, the effective build configuration, setup_hooks sources, target flags, the Go toolchain and the Android clang version. Helper fingerprints cover its Rust sources and manifests, Cargo/Rust toolchains and flags, and the expected Core SHA256.
• A hit requires the fingerprint and every recorded output's path, size and modification state to match, and skips compilation and copying.
• Records are written only after a successful build, under per-target locks. Compilation happens in a staging directory and moves into place on success, so a failed build never destroys the previous artifacts.
• flutter clean removes .dart_tool and forces one full rebuild; deleting .dart_tool/setup_build_cache/ does the same without a clean.

Windows helper integrity/version check:

• setup_hooks constructs the Core first, calculates its SHA256, and always builds the Rust Helper with release hardening and that expected hash.
• Flutter reads the Core SHA256 from the bundled manifest.json and sends it with /ping. Debug, Profile, and Release builds use the same Helper protocol and may use TUN through the same flow.
• /ping is loopback-only and requires no request token. The Helper compares the requested SHA256 with its embedded value and checks that the fixed FlClashCore.exe beside it exists; /start performs the actual Core SHA256 verification before every launch. The response includes the running Helper path and protocol header; Dart checks both against the current installation. The launcher selects the Helper only when /ping reports ready; any other readiness (missing manifest, unavailable Helper, or a Helper built for a different Core) falls back to the direct Core without requesting elevation. If /start reports a pre-spawn failure — coreVerificationFailed (the on-disk Core no longer matches the SHA the Helper and manifest agree on) or processLaunchFailed (the Core process could not be spawned) — the launcher degrades to the direct Core rather than failing the launch. /start releases the previously managed Core before it verifies, so the Helper owns no Core when either code is reported and the direct retry cannot race a Helper-managed Core. A mismatched Helper is reinstalled through the explicit TUN authorization flow, not at startup.
• TUN is not a required run condition. A direct Core runs unelevated and cannot bring up TUN, so any degrade to the direct Core — an unready Helper at resolve time, or a pre-spawn /start failure — silently drops TUN and keeps the Core running. Degrading is preferred over failing the launch: an unverified Core carries no privilege the direct launch path did not already have. manifestMissing is the one readiness that is surfaced to the user, because it means the installation itself is incomplete.
• Flutter creates a 128-bit lowercase-hex session ID and uses it as the random named-pipe suffix. /start receives only that address and session ID, validates the fixed FlClashCore_<session> namespace, starts the fixed Core beside the Helper, and returns the same session ID plus the spawned PID. Flutter verifies both the session and named-pipe peer PID.
• /stop requires the same session ID. A missing process returns notRunning; a different owner returns sessionMismatch without terminating that process. Session IDs are ownership tokens for lifecycle safety, not a claim that the loopback HTTP endpoints are authenticated.
• The Core must not outlive the Helper. On Linux the systemd unit's cgroup and Restart=on-failure cover that; on Windows the Helper puts the Core in a Job Object with KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE, so the kernel kills the Core when the Helper process ends for any reason, and the install subcommand configures SCM failure actions (three restarts, 5 s apart, reset after 24 h). Stopping a Core sends SIGTERM first on Linux, because only a shutdown removes the policy routes sing-tun installed; the Core runs the same teardown itself when its IPC host disconnects or it receives a termination signal. HelperClient.stopTimeout must stay above the Helper's graceful-plus-kill budget.
• Never take MANAGED_CORE or LOGS with lock().unwrap(). The Helper is a long-lived service running as SYSTEM, so a single panic while a lock is held would poison it and turn every later request into another panic — the service stays dead until Windows restarts it. lock_surviving_poison recovers the guard through PoisonError::into_inner instead. hub.rs uses it at every lock site, tests included, and two tests in that file pin the behaviour.

Build configuration defaults live in plugins/setup/setup_hooks/lib/src/options.dart and can be overridden via the root build_config.yaml.

Architecture detection is automatic. The --description flag passed to flutter_distributor adds arch suffixes to artifact names, such as FlClash-0.8.93-macos-arm64.dmg.

Android Native Task Ordering

:core consumes libclash.so and its headers as files the setup build hook writes into android/core/src/main, not as an asset the hook hands back, so nothing in Gradle's model links the two. AGP's configure fingerprint tracks only CMakeLists.txt and its own generated files, which makes a wrong ordering sticky: a configure that ran before the hook stays cached and every later build reuses it. CMakeLists.txt therefore links clash unconditionally, and android/core/build.gradle.kts fails before any native task runs when those files are absent — both push the failure out of the configure step, where it would be cached, and into a place that re-evaluates every build. Three details there are easy to get wrong:

• defaultConfig.ndk.abiFilters is derived from the target-platform property Flutter passes to Gradle, mapped through the same ABI table as Target.forPlatform('android') in setup_hooks; keep the two tables equal. The hook builds a Core only for the platforms of the current build, so a :core ABI outside that set has no libclash.so to link, and without any filter AGP would configure the NDK's full default ABI set.
• Match task names by prefix. AGP puts the ABI in the names of the tasks that do the work (configureCMakeDebug[arm64-v8a]). The bare configureCMakeDebug, buildCMakeDebug, and externalNativeBuildDebug that an exact-name match catches are grouping tasks that never enter an app build's execution graph.
• Use mustRunAfter, not dependsOn. :core declares only debug and release variants, so a profile app consumes :core's debug variant; no :core variant name maps onto the right :app task, and dependsOn would drag a second, wrong-mode Flutter build into the graph.

A standalone ./gradlew :core:assembleDebug stays legal once the hook has run at least once; it only warns that the artifacts under src/main are whatever the last hook run left behind, which is the one failure mode this guard cannot detect. Verify a change here with ./gradlew ":core:buildCMakeDebug[arm64-v8a]" :app:compileFlutterBuildDebug --dry-run: the Flutter task must be listed first even though the CMake task was requested first.

Android Crash Symbols

Crashlytics NDK symbolicates a native crash only from libraries that still carry their symbols, and AGP strips every .so it packages, so the Android build keeps symbols until :app's own strip step and the APK does not grow:

• The hook drops -s and -w from go_ldflags for the c-shared Android targets only; the desktop Cores stay stripped because nothing consumes their symbols.
• :core compiles with -g, does not --strip-all, and sets packaging.jniLibs.keepDebugSymbols so its own strip task leaves libclash.so and libcore.so intact on the way into :app's merged native libs, which is where the Crashlytics plugin reads them.
• :app turns on nativeSymbolUploadEnabled and finalizes assembleRelease and bundleRelease with uploadCrashlyticsSymbolFileRelease only when release signing is configured, the same condition that marks a real release build; the checked-in google-services.json is a placeholder, so a local upload is noise at best, and CI supplies both files together. The Crashlytics plugin wires the R8 mapping upload itself but leaves the native symbol upload to the caller, so nothing else triggers it. generateCrashlyticsSymbolFileRelease runs dump_syms over the Go Core for every ABI, which is the other reason it stays off for unsigned builds.

Local Plugins

• setup: build-time harness for Go core artifacts and the Rust helper, driven by a Dart build hook; no runtime Dart API.
• proxy: system proxy configuration.
• rust_api: runtime Flutter Rust Bridge FFI package built through Native Assets. See below.
• tray: system tray for Linux, macOS and Windows. Written for FlClash; replaced the tray_manager fork.
• window: desktop window control for Linux, macOS and Windows. Written for FlClash; replaced the window_manager fork. See below.
• wifi_ssid: Wi-Fi SSID detection.
• code_forge: the text editor behind EditorPage, derived from upstream code_forge. See below.

code_forge Plugin

CodeForgeController is the document: text lives in the Rust RopeBridge, and the controller's methods are split by concern into lib/code_forge/controller/ extensions. CodeForge builds _CodeFieldRenderer, whose painting, layout, folding, caret and gutter code sit in lib/code_forge/code_area/ part files.

• Rust counts offsets in Unicode scalars and Flutter in UTF-16 code units. Convert at the boundary with text_offsets.dart; a mixed-up offset only shows up with astral characters such as emoji, so tests use them.
• The renderer follows edits through the controller's lineEdit (first line, lines removed, lines inserted) and never reads the whole text per edit; a whole-text text = assignment resets the renderer instead.
• FlClash supplies the suggestion popup, context menu and scrollbar; the package has no built-in versions of them.
• Tests live in test/plugins/code_forge/ at the repository root and need the rust_api library.

window Plugin

plugins/window exposes desktopWindow (DesktopWindow) on the window method channel; plugins/window/README.md is the channel contract (methods, arguments, events, effects, runner hooks) and every platform implements exactly that table. lib/common/window.dart and lib/manager/window_manager.dart are the only application callers.

• Each platform keeps one style record (title bar style and button visibility everywhere, rounded corners on Windows, effect, tint and brightness on Windows and macOS) and reapplies it whole from a single apply routine, so DWM margins on Windows and isOpaque/effect views on macOS have one writer. Add a visual setting to that record, never a second code path.
• Method dispatch is a table on every platform, and every handler validates its arguments; a bad call answers with a bad_args PlatformException, a capability the platform lacks with unsupported. Coordinates cross the channel in logical pixels; Windows converts with GetDpiForWindow.
• Position and size changes surface as one geometry-changed event that each platform coalesces natively (150 ms after the last WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED, did-move/did-resize, or configure-event); WindowManager only debounces the capture on top of it.
• Windows: with titleBarStyle: hidden, WM_NCCALCSIZE takes the frame insets from AdjustWindowRectExForDpi and keeps the client rect at the top edge (plus the frame height when maximized, so the taskbar stays uncovered; plus 1 px on Windows 11, which draws the top border only into a non-client strip; none on Windows 10, where DWM draws the whole caption over any strip shorter than one). Windows 10 gets its top border the Windows Terminal way instead: the DWM frame is extended over the caption height, the plugin places the Flutter view 1 px lower and paints that row black, which DWM treats as alpha 0, and hit-tests it as HTTOP; see plugins/window/README.md. The plugin therefore owns the view placement on WM_SIZE. Fullscreen is emulated by the plugin, which raises enter-full-screen and leave-full-screen itself and mutes WM_SIZE while it is on. The find-running-window IPC (WindowPluginFindRunningWindow/WindowPluginActivateWindow) registers a window message from the executable path and whitelists it through UIPI so a non-elevated launcher reaches an elevated instance.
• Linux: GTK drops the placement of an unmapped window, so hide saves the geometry and the map-event handler applies it, then corrects the placement for 150 ms while the window manager settles (it may place the window after the map handler ran). isPositionSupported is X11-only; Wayland owns placement and re-shown windows land where the compositor puts them. Linux supports no effect: GTK 3 has no desktop-neutral blur protocol, so isEffectSupported is true only for none and the runner keeps the default visual.
• macOS: WindowPlugin.instance is reached from AppDelegate for applicationShouldTerminate (emits should-terminate) and applicationShouldHandleReopen (emits activate); MainFlutterWindow calls hiddenWindowAtLaunch() so the first order keeps the window hidden until Dart shows it.
• Window effects (transparent, blur, acrylic, mica) are capability-gated by isEffectSupported; the Flutter content must paint a translucent background for them to show. ThemeProps.sidebarBlur (on by default) drives them: Window.setBlur picks blur on macOS and acrylic (or blur) on Windows and caches only a successful probe, so a platform that answered unsupported is asked again the next time blur is turned on. WindowManager reapplies it whenever the setting or the app brightness changes and records the outcome in windowBlurProvider, and only the sidebar and the caption strip paint translucently while it is on. On macOS the sidebar paints fully transparent and the effect view follows the window's active state, which is the flutter_acrylic TransparentMacOSSidebar look; Windows keeps a 50% tint because the accent effects blur too little for the rail to stay readable.
• Sidebar blur is soft-disabled: feature.sidebarBlur (lib/common/feature.dart) is off unless the build passes --dart-define=FEATURE_SIDEBAR_BLUR=true. While it is off the theme page hides the toggle and windowBlurRequestProvider asks for no effect whatever ThemeProps.sidebarBlur holds. WindowManager still sends that request at startup: the macOS plugin installs its effect view in ensureInitialized and leaves it active until the first setEffect, so the none request is what makes the window opaque and parks the effect view.

rust_api Crate Layout

plugins/rust_api has no platform folders. hook/build.dart is a Dart build hook: Flutter runs it for every platform build and for flutter test, and flutter_rust_bridge_hooks (over native_toolchain_rust) compiles the crate with Cargo and registers librust_api as a code asset that Flutter bundles and signs. The build runs rustup run <channel>, so rust/rust-toolchain.toml must pin an exact channel and list every target the project ships; the hook refuses stable and a target missing from that list. rustup show installs the pinned toolchain and those targets on first use.

flutter_rust_bridge_codegen generate (see .agents/commands.md) writes lib/src/rust/frb_generated.dart, frb_generated.io.dart, frb_generated.web.dart, one lib/src/rust/api/<module>.dart per Rust API module, and rust/src/frb_generated.rs; none of them is edited by hand. A new Rust function is a public function in rust/src/api/, plus pub mod <name>; in api/mod.rs and an export from lib/rust_api.dart when it starts a new module. RustLib is the singleton entry point: RustLib.init() runs before any call and RustLib.dispose() on teardown.

plugins/rust_api/rust/src/ separates the bridge boundary from the code behind it:

• api/ is the only input flutter_rust_bridge parses (rust_input: crate::api). Every function there is a thin delegation, so the generated bindings stay identical on every platform.
• ipc/ implements the desktop socket server: frame (length-prefixed framing and the write backoff), queue (the bounded send queue), platform (socket cleanup, Windows peer credentials and the non-blocking pipe reader), and server (lifecycle, accept loop, and the RUNNING/STATE globals).
• script/ runs profile override scripts on QuickJS through rquickjs.
• editor/ backs plugins/code_forge: a ropey buffer with its selection, fold ranges and bracket matching, indent guides for the viewport, and completion words. api/editor.rs exposes the buffer as the opaque RopeBridge. Only the editor imports this module, through lib/editor.dart, so lib/rust_api.dart keeps its generic names such as SelectionState out of app code.
• hotkey/ registers desktop global shortcuts through global-hotkey: keys maps Flutter USB HID usages to key codes, owner runs every registration on the thread the platform binds it to (a dedicated message-loop thread on Windows, the main dispatch queue on macOS, in place on Linux), and service owns the registry and forwards presses to Dart. Linux is X11 only; a Wayland session without XWayland gets an error rather than a silent no-op.

What a platform does not use, it does not compile. interprocess and global-hotkey are declared under cfg(not(target_os = "android")), and ipc/mod.rs and hotkey/mod.rs swap in their unsupported.rs there, because Android loads the Core in-process and has no global shortcuts. Adding a capability follows the same shape: implement it in its own module, gate the dependency by target, and keep the api/ entry point unconditional so one set of bindings still serves every platform.

RustLib.init() runs on every platform in main, because the script engine and the editor are shared; the editor shows its unavailable state when RustLib is not initialized rather than loading the library itself.

Profile Script Engine

lib/common/javascript.dart sends the profile as JSON to evaluate_script, which runs main(config) on QuickJS and returns the JSON the script produced. Nothing about the script runs in Dart.

• QuickJS is compiled from source for the target being built, which is what removed the prebuilt quickjs-c-bridge binaries: flutter_js shipped x64 Windows and desktop-only libraries, so Windows ARM64 could not start (#2361).
• rquickjs carries pre-generated bindings for every target this project builds except the Android ones, so Android builds enable its bindgen feature. That needs the NDK's own libclang and sysroot: native_toolchain_rust exports the sysroot through BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS_<target>, and hook/build.dart adds LIBCLANG_PATH from the NDK toolchain Flutter hands the hook, because bindgen otherwise loads whatever libclang the host has, or none.
• Evaluation is bounded: a 10-second interrupt deadline and a memory ceiling, because a script that never returns would otherwise hold the profile forever. console is installed before the script runs, since scripts written for other clients log as they work.
• rust/tests/fixtures/profile_script.js is the compatibility regression: an overwrite written for the suite that performs the transform real ones perform, so it exercises Map/Set, spread, destructuring, optional chaining, nullish coalescing, Object.fromEntries, named capture groups and lookbehind in one pass. Keep it first-party and free of external URLs — vendoring somebody's published script here carries their attribution and their links.

Rust Helper Service

services/helper/ is the privileged helper that starts the core elevated so TUN works. It ships on Windows and Linux and is built by the setup build hook alongside the Core, which always compiles the Helper in Rust release mode after calculating the SHA256 of the Core produced for the active Flutter configuration.

The helper owns its Windows Service Control Manager lifecycle through two elevated commands:

• FlClashHelperService.exe install stops and removes any stale registration, creates the auto-start service for the current executable path, starts it, and waits for the running state.
• FlClashHelperService.exe uninstall stops the service, waits for shutdown, removes its registration, and is also used by the Windows package uninstaller.

The Dart layer only launches the helper's install command through ShellExecuteW; it does not compose sc.exe, taskkill, or cmd.exe command lines.

Linux takes the same shape with systemd in place of the Service Control Manager, and the same install timing: nothing is registered at package install, and Linux.registerService asks for elevation only when TUN authorization needs it.

• FlClashHelperService install, run through pkexec so polkit raises the system prompt, writes /etc/systemd/system/flclash-helper.service for the current executable path and enables and restarts it. It reads PKEXEC_UID/SUDO_UID to learn who asked, and refuses to install without one — there would be no account to grant the socket to. It also refuses a Helper whose binary or directory is not root-owned and non-writable (a unit runs it as root at every boot, so an unpacked bundle would be a standing escalation), and refuses to replace a unit already installed for a different UID rather than restart the service out from under that account.
• That ownership check is why the flutter_distributor fork normalizes the packaging tree to 0755/0644 before dpkg-deb, rpmbuild and appimagetool run: they record modes verbatim, and Ubuntu's per-user default umask of 002 would otherwise ship /opt/FlClash as 0775, which the installer rejects as group-writable.
• The rpm spec sets debug_package and __os_install_post to nil for the same reason: rpmbuild's find-debuginfo and brp-strip rewrite FlClashCore, and a Core whose SHA256 no longer matches the Helper's embedded value is refused at /start, which silently degrades every launch to the direct Core.
• FlClashHelperService uninstall disables the unit, removes it and reloads systemd.
• The unit carries Group= (the owner's primary GID), RuntimeDirectory=flclash, the owner's UID/GID in FLCLASH_HELPER_OWNER_UID/_GID, a double-quoted ExecStart= with % escaped, and Restart=on-failure under a start limit so a broken unit ends up failed instead of restarting forever. The helper serves /run/flclash/helper.sock at mode 0660, additionally drops any connection whose SO_PEERCRED UID is not the owner's, logs and retries an accept failure instead of letting hyper end the server, and handles SIGTERM so systemctl stop still runs its own Core teardown.
• /start additionally requires the Core address to be a socket owned by the owner UID before spawning, since the Core connects to it as root.
• The Core is spawned with the owner's real UID and an effective UID of 0, which is what a setuid Core would have had. It is the signal core/ownership_unix.go uses to hand the files it created back to the user; without it a root service would leave a root-owned config tree in the owner's home.
• An AppImage has neither a stable executable path nor a writable Core, and its FUSE mount is nosuid, so system.isAppImage reports TUN authorization as unavailable instead of prompting for a password that cannot help.
• A Linux host without systemd (/run/systemd/system absent) has no Helper: system.hasHelperService is false there, readiness is the stat check, and pkexec sets the setuid bit on the bundled Core as before.

In every Flutter build mode /start opens the fixed Core executable beside the Helper without write/delete sharing, validates it against the SHA256 embedded only in the Helper, and keeps that handle open through process creation. /ping only compares the requested coreSha256 with the Helper's embedded value and checks the fixed Core path exists; it never hashes the Core. Protocol version 6 uses 32-character lowercase-hex session ownership:

• GET /ping?coreSha256=... returns the current Helper executable path with x-flclash-helper-protocol when the requested SHA matches.
• POST /start rejects unknown JSON fields, validates {address, sessionId}, then releases any previously managed Core before verifying the Core — so every outcome, including a rejected one, leaves the Helper owning no Core — and returns {sessionId, pid}.
• POST /stop validates {sessionId} and only stops the matching managed Core. A session mismatch is HTTP 409.
• GET /logs exposes the bounded recent Helper/Core stderr buffer with no-store caching.

Endpoints bind only to 127.0.0.1:47890 on Windows and to /run/flclash/helper.sock on Linux, and do not use request-token authentication. Lifecycle safety comes from the fixed executable/hash, the strict address namespace (\\.\pipe\FlClashCore_<32 hex> on Windows, /tmp/FlClashSocket_<digits>.sock on Linux), the session-scoped stop contract, Dart-side peer-PID verification on Windows and, on Unix, the Core socket that plugins/rust_api sets to mode 0600 so only the owning user (and the root-effective Core) can connect. When the Helper service itself shuts down, it unconditionally stops the Core process it owns; under systemd the unit's control group does the same.